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Freedom Hall of Fame
93 humans who came to the understanding that they have rights worth defending — from confederacies older than any state to the anarchists and organizers of our own century. Pick one to read what they did, and who they stood against.
93 figures · choose one
HTHiawatha & the Peacemakerc. 12th–15th centuryConsensual confederacySSpartacusc. 111–71 BCESlave revoltLLaozic. 6th century BCEDaoismZZhuangzic. 369–286 BCEDaoist skepticismEEpicurus341–270 BCEGarden schoolCCicero106–43 BCERoman republicanismAAshokac. 304–232 BCEEdicts of tolerationMOMarsilius of Paduac. 1270–1342Popular sovereigntyWOWilliam of Ockhamc. 1287–1347Natural rightsBDBartolomé de las Casas1484–1566Anti-slaveryTDÉtienne de La Boétie1530–1563Voluntary servitudeJAJohannes Althusius1557–1638SubsidiarityRWRoger Williams1603–1683Liberty of conscienceJLJohn Lilburne1614–1657LevellerRORichard Overtonc. 1600–1664LevellerGWGerrard Winstanley1609–1676DiggerBSBaruch Spinoza1632–1677Freedom of thoughtASAlgernon Sidney1623–1683Republican libertyJLJohn Locke1632–1704Natural rightsMMontesquieu1689–1755Separation of powersVVoltaire1694–1778Free expressionCBCesare Beccaria1738–1794Justice reformASAdam Smith1723–1790Political economyTGTrenchard & Gordon1670–1723 · 1691–1750Whig radicalismTPThomas Paine1737–1809RepublicanismTJThomas Jefferson1743–1826Natural rightsJMJames Madison1751–1836Constitutional limitsGMGeorge Mason1725–1792Charter rightsPHPatrick Henry1736–1799Anti-federalismMOMercy Otis Warren1728–1814Anti-federalismRYRobert Yates, 'Brutus'1738–1801Anti-federalismBFBenjamin Franklin1706–1790Self-governmentMWMary Wollstonecraft1759–1797Individual libertyOEOlaudah Equiano1745–1797AbolitionTLToussaint Louverture1743–1803Slave revolutionWGWilliam Godwin1756–1836Philosophical anarchismWLWilliam Lloyd Garrison1805–1879AbolitionFDFrederick Douglass1818–1895Abolition & self-ownershipHTHarriet Tubmanc. 1822–1913Underground RailroadSTSojourner Truthc. 1797–1883Abolition & women's rightsECElizabeth Cady Stanton1815–1902SuffrageHDHenry David Thoreau1817–1862Civil disobedienceJSJohn Stuart Mill1806–1873On LibertyFBFrédéric Bastiat1801–1850Classical liberalismGDGustave de Molinari1819–1912Free marketHSHerbert Spencer1820–1903Equal freedomAHAuberon Herbert1838–1906VoluntaryismRCRichard Cobden1804–1865Free trade & anti-imperialismJWJosiah Warren1798–1874Individualist anarchismPPPierre-Joseph Proudhon1809–1865MutualismMSMax Stirner1806–1856EgoismLSLysander Spooner1808–1887Individualist anarchismMBMikhail Bakunin1814–1876Social anarchismPKPeter Kropotkin1842–1921Anarchist communismBTBenjamin Tucker1854–1939Individualist anarchismEMErrico Malatesta1853–1932Anarchist organizingVDVoltairine de Cleyre1866–1912Anarchism without adjectivesEGEmma Goldman1869–1940Anarchism & free speechLTLeo Tolstoy1828–1910Christian anarchismLPLucy Parsonsc. 1853–1942Labor & anti-stateAJAlbert Jay Nock1870–1945RemnantIPIsabel Paterson1886–1961Classical liberalismRWRose Wilder Lane1886–1968American individualismLVLudwig von Mises1881–1973Austrian economicsFAF. A. Hayek1899–1992Spontaneous orderARAyn Rand1905–1982ObjectivismMFMilton Friedman1912–2006Free-market economicsMRMurray Rothbard1926–1995Anarcho-capitalismRNRobert Nozick1938–2002Entitlement theoryLRLeonard Read1898–1983Free-market educationKPKarl Popper1902–1994Open societyIBIsaiah Berlin1909–1997Negative libertyHAHannah Arendt1906–1975Political freedomGOGeorge Orwell1903–1950Anti-authoritarianismMGMahatma Gandhi1869–1948Nonviolent resistanceMLMartin Luther King Jr.1929–1968Civil disobedienceJJJane Jacobs1916–2006Cities & spontaneous orderIIIvan Illich1926–2002Radical decentralizationRRRudolf Rocker1873–1958Anarcho-syndicalismWEWalter E. Williams1936–2020Free-market persuasionRPRon Paulb. 1935ConstitutionalismDMDeirdre McCloskeyb. 1942Economic humanismWBWendell Berryb. 1934LocalismABAlexander Berkman1870–1936Anarchist communismNMNestor Makhno1888–1934Anarchist communismBDBuenaventura Durruti1896–1936Anarcho-syndicalismRFRicardo Flores Magón1873–1922Anarchist communismMBMurray Bookchin1921–2006Social ecologyCWColin Ward1924–2010Anarchism as practiceNCNoam Chomsky1928–Libertarian socialismDGDavid Graeber1961–2020Anthropology of freedomZBZoe Baker1996–Anarchist history onlineASAndrew Sage (Andrewism)1990s–Anarchism online